Explanation: The most important and observable difference in the plant animal cells mitosis is the cytokinesis. Related questions Why is the cell cycle important to organisms? How do genes control the cell cycle? What is the cell cycle? What happens when a cell is in interphase?
The microtubules , which are involved in maintaining the shape of the cell, are disassembled to form the mitotic spindle. Therefore, the shape of the cell becomes round. The arrangement of the microtubules into the mitotic spindle is done by centrioles, which occur in each pole. The breakdown of the nuclear envelope occurs in prometaphase. Each sister chromatid joins with the spindle fibers. Individual chromosomes are aligned in the cell equator during metaphase. Figure 1: Animal Mitotic Spindle.
During anaphase, each sister chromatid is separated from the centromere and begins to move into the opposite poles of the cell. At this time, the individual sister chromatids are called daughter chromosomes. During telophase, one set of daughter chromosomes has arrived at the each opposite pole of the cell. Therefore, nuclear envelope is formed, surrounding the genetic material in the each pole. Mitosis is followed by cytoplasmic division, which is called cytokinesis.
Animal cell cytokinesis occurs by the formation of a cleavage furrow. The spindle apparatus of the animal cell mitosis is shown in figure 1. Plant mitosis is a part of plant cell division where the replicated chromosomes are separated into two, daughter nuclei. It occurs in four stages, same as animal mitosis. These stages are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Animal cells contain two clusters of microtubules and centrioles , collectively termed centrosomes , located at poles of the cell.
During prophase, the microtubules within the centrosome begin lengthening toward the chromosomes in the nucleus. The microtubules are referred to as spindles at this point. Spindles orchestrate the careful organization and segregation of chromosomes between daughter cells during mitosis.
Some of the microtubules extending from the centrosome also participate in cytokinesis after the last stage of mitosis. Most plants do not contain centrioles, but instead have microtubule clusters that function to direct the distribution of chromosomes. They also participate in splitting the cell during cytokinesis. During prophase, the plant cell begins to produce spindles from the organizing centers that grow into the nuclear region and attach to the chromosomes.
Animal Cell Division: Animal cells form the cleavage furrow. Plant Cell Division: Plant cells do not change the shape. Animal Cell Division: Animal cells become round in shape. Plant Cell Division: Cell division is induced by cytokines. Animal Cell Division: No hormone for the induction of the division is found. Plant Cell Division: Plant cells lacks centrosomes. Animal Cell Division: Centrosomes are essential for the animal cell division. Plant Cell Division: No aster development.
The spindle is anastral. Animal Cell Division: Aster develops around each centromere during mitosis. The spindle is amphiastral. Plant Cell Division: Midbody formation is not identified. Animal Cell Division: Midbody forms during cytokinesis.
Plant Cell Division: Microfilaments are not involved in the division. Animal Cell Division: Microfilaments are involved in cytokinesis. Plant Cell Division: The cell plate occurs centrifugally.
Animal Cell Division: The cleavage occurs centripetally. Plant Cell Division: A solid middle lamella forms between the two daughter cells for the permanent adhesion. Animal Cell Division: A furrow is formed between the two daughter cells. Plant Cell Division: Mitotic cell division is found in meristems. Animal Cell Division: Mitotic cell division occurs in bone marrow and many epithelia.
Plant Cell Division: Gametes are not produced directly. Animal Cell Division: The gametes are produced directly.
The phases in the cell division in both plants and animals are considered to have many similarities.
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